American Heart Association Journal, "Circulation", Publishes New Peer-Reviewed Study Involving Protandim(R)
American Heart Association Journal, "Circulation", Publishes New Peer-Reviewed Study Involving Protandim(R).
Study Concludes that Protandim Preserved Heart Function and Demonstrated Strong Cardioprotective Effects in an Animal Model of Lung Disease.
Osteopontin levels reduced by more than fifty percent; heart output preserved and cardiac fibrosis prevented in animals
SAN DIEGO, November third /Newswire-FirstCall/ -- LifeVantage Corporation (OTC Bulletin Board: LFVN), announced that in a peer-reviewed manuscript published in the prestigious American Heart Association journal, "Circulation".
Dr. Norbert Voelkel and researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), demonstrated the ability of Protandim, the Company's patented dietary supplement, composed of five highly synergistic "indirect antioxidants", to protect the heart in a laboratory model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Pulmonary hypertension is a health condition characterized by high blood pressure in the circulation between the heart and lungs and can result in death due to right heart failure.
In this study, pulmonary hypertension was induced in the animals through a drug and by creating an oxygen-poor environment (hypoxia). Animals pre-treated with Protandim experienced strong cardioprotective effects. Protandim was shown to protect the heart by increasing the expression of protective genes and by preventing the formation of scar tissue, or fibrosis, in the heart.
The study showed that Protandim also prevented capillary loss in the heart muscle of the animals, preserving right heart function despite the continuing stress of pressure overload. Protandim also prevented the death of heart cells and significantly lowered osteopontin (OPN-1) levels by more than 50%.
Osteopontin is a factor that leads to scar tissue formation, a cause of heart failure. The researchers in this study described the ability of Protandim to effectively activate the transcription factor Nrf2, a signal to the cell's DNA to increase expression of a network of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic genes.
"We are encouraged by the results of this study, which was independently funded and independently conducted by Dr. Voelkel and his colleagues at VCU," stated David Brown, President & CEO of LifeVantage. "These results illustrate the unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties of Protandim.
Scientists have long known of the involvement of oxidative stress in disease processes, and this study is a significant example of how oxidative stress affects susceptibility to right heart failure in animals. Although it would be premature to conclude that similar benefits would be seen in humans, these remarkable results open the door to the possibility of future research on pulmonary hypertension and Protandim in humans."
The study entitled "Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure" was authored by Harm Bogaard, Ramesh Natarajan, Scott C. Henderson, Carlin Long, Donatas Kraskauskas, Lisa Smithson, Ramzi Ockaili, Joe M. McCord, and Norbert Voelkel was published online, with a print version to follow.
About Protandim
Protandim is a clinically proven supplement that provides substantial benefits for healthy aging. This patented indirect antioxidant therapy works in a very different way than conventional foods such as red wine, oranges, blueberries or other popular antioxidant supplements.
Unlike those types of products that have proven to be largely ineffective in reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, Protandim is an indirect antioxidant therapy, which stimulates the body's production of its own powerful antioxidant enzymes. Protandim works at the cellular level, triggering cells to naturally increase production of protective antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthase.
A peer-reviewed human clinical study showed that after Protandim was taken for 30 consecutive days, important biochemical markers of aging were decreased by an average of 40%. The study also reported that these markers of aging were reduced in the subjects taking Protandim to the level of a typical 20 year old.
Protandim is currently the subject of approximately 20 scientific studies at universities and research facilities. The nature and stages of the studies vary.
Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, Protandim is considered a "dietary supplement" and, as with all dietary supplements, Protandim is not intended for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or cure of any disease, including pulmonary hypertension or heart disease.
For more information about Protandim, visit www.live-young.ws for ABC Primetime interview of Dr Joe McCord
Oxidative Damage
Accumulation of Oxidative Damage May Lead to Cognitive Dysfunction.
In aerobic organisms the energy needed to fuel biological functions is produced in the mitochondria via the electron transport chain. In addition to energy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced which have the potential to cause cellular damage. ROS can damage DNA, RNA, and proteins which theoretically contribute to the physiology of aging.
ROS are produced as a normal product of cellular metabolism. In particular, one major contributor to oxidative damage is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is converted from superoxide that leaks from the mitochondria. Within the cell there is catalase and superoxide dismutase that help to minimize the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide by converting it into oxygen and water, benign molecules, however this conversion is not 100% efficient, and residual peroxides persist in the cell.
While ROS are produced as a product of normal cellular functioning, excessive amounts can cause deleterious effects:
[1] Memory capabilities decline with age, evident in human degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease which is accompanied by an accumulation of oxidative damage.
Current studies demonstrate that the accumulation of ROS can decrease an organism’s fitness because oxidative damage is a contributor to senescence.
In particular, the accumulation of oxidative damage may lead to cognitive dysfunction as demonstrated in a study where old rats were given Protandim and then given cognitive tests, results showed that the rats performed better after receiving the metabolites, suggesting that the metabolites reduced oxidative damage and improved mitochondrial function.
[2] Accumulating oxidative damage can then affect the efficiency of mitochondria and further increase the rate of ROS production.
[3] The accumulation of oxidative damage and its implications for aging depends on the particular tissue type where the damage is occurring.
Additional experimental results suggest that oxidative damage is responsible for age related decline in brain functioning. Older gerbils were found to have higher levels of oxidized protein in comparison to younger gerbils. When old and young mice were treated with a spin trapping compound the level of oxidized proteins decreased in older gerbils but did not have an effect on younger gerbils. Additionally, older gerbils performed cognitive tasks better during treatment but ceased functional capacity when treatment was discontinued causing oxidized protein levels to increase. This lead researchers to conclude that oxidation of cellular proteins is potentially important for brain function .
Carney
For information on anti aging go to
http://live-young.ws
Juanita38@ymail.com
Juanita Buck-Butler: 254-541 2891his post
Study Concludes that Protandim Preserved Heart Function and Demonstrated Strong Cardioprotective Effects in an Animal Model of Lung Disease.
Osteopontin levels reduced by more than fifty percent; heart output preserved and cardiac fibrosis prevented in animals
SAN DIEGO, November third /Newswire-FirstCall/ -- LifeVantage Corporation (OTC Bulletin Board: LFVN), announced that in a peer-reviewed manuscript published in the prestigious American Heart Association journal, "Circulation".
Dr. Norbert Voelkel and researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), demonstrated the ability of Protandim, the Company's patented dietary supplement, composed of five highly synergistic "indirect antioxidants", to protect the heart in a laboratory model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Pulmonary hypertension is a health condition characterized by high blood pressure in the circulation between the heart and lungs and can result in death due to right heart failure.
In this study, pulmonary hypertension was induced in the animals through a drug and by creating an oxygen-poor environment (hypoxia). Animals pre-treated with Protandim experienced strong cardioprotective effects. Protandim was shown to protect the heart by increasing the expression of protective genes and by preventing the formation of scar tissue, or fibrosis, in the heart.
The study showed that Protandim also prevented capillary loss in the heart muscle of the animals, preserving right heart function despite the continuing stress of pressure overload. Protandim also prevented the death of heart cells and significantly lowered osteopontin (OPN-1) levels by more than 50%.
Osteopontin is a factor that leads to scar tissue formation, a cause of heart failure. The researchers in this study described the ability of Protandim to effectively activate the transcription factor Nrf2, a signal to the cell's DNA to increase expression of a network of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic genes.
"We are encouraged by the results of this study, which was independently funded and independently conducted by Dr. Voelkel and his colleagues at VCU," stated David Brown, President & CEO of LifeVantage. "These results illustrate the unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties of Protandim.
Scientists have long known of the involvement of oxidative stress in disease processes, and this study is a significant example of how oxidative stress affects susceptibility to right heart failure in animals. Although it would be premature to conclude that similar benefits would be seen in humans, these remarkable results open the door to the possibility of future research on pulmonary hypertension and Protandim in humans."
The study entitled "Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure" was authored by Harm Bogaard, Ramesh Natarajan, Scott C. Henderson, Carlin Long, Donatas Kraskauskas, Lisa Smithson, Ramzi Ockaili, Joe M. McCord, and Norbert Voelkel was published online, with a print version to follow.
About Protandim
Protandim is a clinically proven supplement that provides substantial benefits for healthy aging. This patented indirect antioxidant therapy works in a very different way than conventional foods such as red wine, oranges, blueberries or other popular antioxidant supplements.
Unlike those types of products that have proven to be largely ineffective in reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, Protandim is an indirect antioxidant therapy, which stimulates the body's production of its own powerful antioxidant enzymes. Protandim works at the cellular level, triggering cells to naturally increase production of protective antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthase.
A peer-reviewed human clinical study showed that after Protandim was taken for 30 consecutive days, important biochemical markers of aging were decreased by an average of 40%. The study also reported that these markers of aging were reduced in the subjects taking Protandim to the level of a typical 20 year old.
Protandim is currently the subject of approximately 20 scientific studies at universities and research facilities. The nature and stages of the studies vary.
Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, Protandim is considered a "dietary supplement" and, as with all dietary supplements, Protandim is not intended for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or cure of any disease, including pulmonary hypertension or heart disease.
For more information about Protandim, visit www.live-young.ws for ABC Primetime interview of Dr Joe McCord
Oxidative Damage
Accumulation of Oxidative Damage May Lead to Cognitive Dysfunction.
In aerobic organisms the energy needed to fuel biological functions is produced in the mitochondria via the electron transport chain. In addition to energy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced which have the potential to cause cellular damage. ROS can damage DNA, RNA, and proteins which theoretically contribute to the physiology of aging.
ROS are produced as a normal product of cellular metabolism. In particular, one major contributor to oxidative damage is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is converted from superoxide that leaks from the mitochondria. Within the cell there is catalase and superoxide dismutase that help to minimize the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide by converting it into oxygen and water, benign molecules, however this conversion is not 100% efficient, and residual peroxides persist in the cell.
While ROS are produced as a product of normal cellular functioning, excessive amounts can cause deleterious effects:
[1] Memory capabilities decline with age, evident in human degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease which is accompanied by an accumulation of oxidative damage.
Current studies demonstrate that the accumulation of ROS can decrease an organism’s fitness because oxidative damage is a contributor to senescence.
In particular, the accumulation of oxidative damage may lead to cognitive dysfunction as demonstrated in a study where old rats were given Protandim and then given cognitive tests, results showed that the rats performed better after receiving the metabolites, suggesting that the metabolites reduced oxidative damage and improved mitochondrial function.
[2] Accumulating oxidative damage can then affect the efficiency of mitochondria and further increase the rate of ROS production.
[3] The accumulation of oxidative damage and its implications for aging depends on the particular tissue type where the damage is occurring.
Additional experimental results suggest that oxidative damage is responsible for age related decline in brain functioning. Older gerbils were found to have higher levels of oxidized protein in comparison to younger gerbils. When old and young mice were treated with a spin trapping compound the level of oxidized proteins decreased in older gerbils but did not have an effect on younger gerbils. Additionally, older gerbils performed cognitive tasks better during treatment but ceased functional capacity when treatment was discontinued causing oxidized protein levels to increase. This lead researchers to conclude that oxidation of cellular proteins is potentially important for brain function .
Carney
For information on anti aging go to
http://live-young.ws
Juanita38@ymail.com
Juanita Buck-Butler: 254-541 2891his post
American Heart Association Journal, Circulation, Publishes New Peer-Reviewed Study Involving Protandim(R)
American Heart Association Journal, "Circulation", Publishes New Peer-Reviewed Study Involving Protandim(R).
Study Concludes that Protandim Preserved Heart Function and Demonstrated Strong Cardioprotective Effects in an Animal Model of Lung Disease.
Osteopontin levels reduced by more than fifty percent; heart output preserved and cardiac fibrosis prevented in animals
SAN DIEGO, November third /Newswire-FirstCall/ -- LifeVantage Corporation (OTC Bulletin Board: LFVN), announced that in a peer-reviewed manuscript published in the prestigious American Heart Association journal, "Circulation".
Dr. Norbert Voelkel and researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), demonstrated the ability of Protandim, the Company's patented dietary supplement, composed of five highly synergistic "indirect antioxidants", to protect the heart in a laboratory model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Pulmonary hypertension is a health condition characterized by high blood pressure in the circulation between the heart and lungs and can result in death due to right heart failure.
In this study, pulmonary hypertension was induced in the animals through a drug and by creating an oxygen-poor environment (hypoxia). Animals pre-treated with Protandim experienced strong cardioprotective effects. Protandim was shown to protect the heart by increasing the expression of protective genes and by preventing the formation of scar tissue, or fibrosis, in the heart.
The study showed that Protandim also prevented capillary loss in the heart muscle of the animals, preserving right heart function despite the continuing stress of pressure overload. Protandim also prevented the death of heart cells and significantly lowered osteopontin (OPN-1) levels by more than 50%.
Osteopontin is a factor that leads to scar tissue formation, a cause of heart failure. The researchers in this study described the ability of Protandim to effectively activate the transcription factor Nrf2, a signal to the cell's DNA to increase expression of a network of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic genes.
"We are encouraged by the results of this study, which was independently funded and independently conducted by Dr. Voelkel and his colleagues at VCU," stated David Brown, President & CEO of LifeVantage. "These results illustrate the unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties of Protandim.
Scientists have long known of the involvement of oxidative stress in disease processes, and this study is a significant example of how oxidative stress affects susceptibility to right heart failure in animals. Although it would be premature to conclude that similar benefits would be seen in humans, these remarkable results open the door to the possibility of future research on pulmonary hypertension and Protandim in humans."
The study entitled "Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure" was authored by Harm Bogaard, Ramesh Natarajan, Scott C. Henderson, Carlin Long, Donatas Kraskauskas, Lisa Smithson, Ramzi Ockaili, Joe M. McCord, and Norbert Voelkel was published online, with a print version to follow.
About Protandim
Protandim is a clinically proven supplement that provides substantial benefits for healthy aging. This patented indirect antioxidant therapy works in a very different way than conventional foods such as red wine, oranges, blueberries or other popular antioxidant supplements.
Unlike those types of products that have proven to be largely ineffective in reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, Protandim is an indirect antioxidant therapy, which stimulates the body's production of its own powerful antioxidant enzymes. Protandim works at the cellular level, triggering cells to naturally increase production of protective antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthase.
A peer-reviewed human clinical study showed that after Protandim was taken for 30 consecutive days, important biochemical markers of aging were decreased by an average of 40%. The study also reported that these markers of aging were reduced in the subjects taking Protandim to the level of a typical 20 year old.
Protandim is currently the subject of approximately 20 scientific studies at universities and research facilities. The nature and stages of the studies vary.
Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, Protandim is considered a "dietary supplement" and, as with all dietary supplements, Protandim is not intended for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or cure of any disease, including pulmonary hypertension or heart disease.
For more information about Protandim, visit http://novus-ordo.ws for ABC Primetime interview of Dr Joe McCord
Oxidative Stress and Memory Loss
Accumulation of Oxidative Damage May Lead to Cognitive Dysfunction.
In aerobic organisms the energy needed to fuel biological functions is produced in the mitochondria via the electron transport chain. In addition to energy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced which have the potential to cause cellular damage. ROS can damage DNA, RNA, and proteins which theoretically contribute to the physiology of aging.
ROS are produced as a normal product of cellular metabolism. In particular, one major contributor to oxidative damage is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is converted from superoxide that leaks from the mitochondria. Within the cell there is catalase and superoxide dismutase that help to minimize the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide by converting it into oxygen and water, benign molecules, however this conversion is not 100% efficient, and residual peroxides persist in the cell.
While ROS are produced as a product of normal cellular functioning, excessive amounts can cause deleterious effects:
[1] Memory capabilities decline with age, evident in human degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease which is accompanied by an accumulation of oxidative damage.
Current studies demonstrate that the accumulation of ROS can decrease an organism’s fitness because oxidative damage is a contributor to senescence.
In particular, the accumulation of oxidative damage may lead to cognitive dysfunction as demonstrated in a study where old rats were given Protandim and then given cognitive tests, results showed that the rats performed better after receiving the metabolites, suggesting that the metabolites reduced oxidative damage and improved mitochondrial function.
[2] Accumulating oxidative damage can then affect the efficiency of mitochondria and further increase the rate of ROS production.
[3] The accumulation of oxidative damage and its implications for aging depends on the particular tissue type where the damage is occurring.
Additional experimental results suggest that oxidative damage is responsible for age related decline in brain functioning. Older gerbils were found to have higher levels of oxidized protein in comparison to younger gerbils. When old mice were treated with Protandim the level of oxidized proteins decreased. Additionally, older gerbils performed cognitive tasks better during treatment but ceased functional capacity when treatment was discontinued causing oxidized protein levels to increase. This lead researchers to conclude that oxidation of cellular proteins is potentially important for brain function .
Carney
For information on anti aging go to
http://novus-ordo.ws
maxcom3@hotmail.com
Roy Butler: 512-234-5273
Study Concludes that Protandim Preserved Heart Function and Demonstrated Strong Cardioprotective Effects in an Animal Model of Lung Disease.
Osteopontin levels reduced by more than fifty percent; heart output preserved and cardiac fibrosis prevented in animals
SAN DIEGO, November third /Newswire-FirstCall/ -- LifeVantage Corporation (OTC Bulletin Board: LFVN), announced that in a peer-reviewed manuscript published in the prestigious American Heart Association journal, "Circulation".
Dr. Norbert Voelkel and researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), demonstrated the ability of Protandim, the Company's patented dietary supplement, composed of five highly synergistic "indirect antioxidants", to protect the heart in a laboratory model of pulmonary hypertension in rats.
Pulmonary hypertension is a health condition characterized by high blood pressure in the circulation between the heart and lungs and can result in death due to right heart failure.
In this study, pulmonary hypertension was induced in the animals through a drug and by creating an oxygen-poor environment (hypoxia). Animals pre-treated with Protandim experienced strong cardioprotective effects. Protandim was shown to protect the heart by increasing the expression of protective genes and by preventing the formation of scar tissue, or fibrosis, in the heart.
The study showed that Protandim also prevented capillary loss in the heart muscle of the animals, preserving right heart function despite the continuing stress of pressure overload. Protandim also prevented the death of heart cells and significantly lowered osteopontin (OPN-1) levels by more than 50%.
Osteopontin is a factor that leads to scar tissue formation, a cause of heart failure. The researchers in this study described the ability of Protandim to effectively activate the transcription factor Nrf2, a signal to the cell's DNA to increase expression of a network of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic genes.
"We are encouraged by the results of this study, which was independently funded and independently conducted by Dr. Voelkel and his colleagues at VCU," stated David Brown, President & CEO of LifeVantage. "These results illustrate the unique antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties of Protandim.
Scientists have long known of the involvement of oxidative stress in disease processes, and this study is a significant example of how oxidative stress affects susceptibility to right heart failure in animals. Although it would be premature to conclude that similar benefits would be seen in humans, these remarkable results open the door to the possibility of future research on pulmonary hypertension and Protandim in humans."
The study entitled "Chronic pulmonary artery pressure elevation is insufficient to explain right heart failure" was authored by Harm Bogaard, Ramesh Natarajan, Scott C. Henderson, Carlin Long, Donatas Kraskauskas, Lisa Smithson, Ramzi Ockaili, Joe M. McCord, and Norbert Voelkel was published online, with a print version to follow.
About Protandim
Protandim is a clinically proven supplement that provides substantial benefits for healthy aging. This patented indirect antioxidant therapy works in a very different way than conventional foods such as red wine, oranges, blueberries or other popular antioxidant supplements.
Unlike those types of products that have proven to be largely ineffective in reducing oxidative stress caused by free radicals, Protandim is an indirect antioxidant therapy, which stimulates the body's production of its own powerful antioxidant enzymes. Protandim works at the cellular level, triggering cells to naturally increase production of protective antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthase.
A peer-reviewed human clinical study showed that after Protandim was taken for 30 consecutive days, important biochemical markers of aging were decreased by an average of 40%. The study also reported that these markers of aging were reduced in the subjects taking Protandim to the level of a typical 20 year old.
Protandim is currently the subject of approximately 20 scientific studies at universities and research facilities. The nature and stages of the studies vary.
Under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, Protandim is considered a "dietary supplement" and, as with all dietary supplements, Protandim is not intended for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or cure of any disease, including pulmonary hypertension or heart disease.
For more information about Protandim, visit http://novus-ordo.ws for ABC Primetime interview of Dr Joe McCord
Oxidative Stress and Memory Loss
Accumulation of Oxidative Damage May Lead to Cognitive Dysfunction.
In aerobic organisms the energy needed to fuel biological functions is produced in the mitochondria via the electron transport chain. In addition to energy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced which have the potential to cause cellular damage. ROS can damage DNA, RNA, and proteins which theoretically contribute to the physiology of aging.
ROS are produced as a normal product of cellular metabolism. In particular, one major contributor to oxidative damage is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which is converted from superoxide that leaks from the mitochondria. Within the cell there is catalase and superoxide dismutase that help to minimize the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide by converting it into oxygen and water, benign molecules, however this conversion is not 100% efficient, and residual peroxides persist in the cell.
While ROS are produced as a product of normal cellular functioning, excessive amounts can cause deleterious effects:
[1] Memory capabilities decline with age, evident in human degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease which is accompanied by an accumulation of oxidative damage.
Current studies demonstrate that the accumulation of ROS can decrease an organism’s fitness because oxidative damage is a contributor to senescence.
In particular, the accumulation of oxidative damage may lead to cognitive dysfunction as demonstrated in a study where old rats were given Protandim and then given cognitive tests, results showed that the rats performed better after receiving the metabolites, suggesting that the metabolites reduced oxidative damage and improved mitochondrial function.
[2] Accumulating oxidative damage can then affect the efficiency of mitochondria and further increase the rate of ROS production.
[3] The accumulation of oxidative damage and its implications for aging depends on the particular tissue type where the damage is occurring.
Additional experimental results suggest that oxidative damage is responsible for age related decline in brain functioning. Older gerbils were found to have higher levels of oxidized protein in comparison to younger gerbils. When old mice were treated with Protandim the level of oxidized proteins decreased. Additionally, older gerbils performed cognitive tasks better during treatment but ceased functional capacity when treatment was discontinued causing oxidized protein levels to increase. This lead researchers to conclude that oxidation of cellular proteins is potentially important for brain function .
Carney
For information on anti aging go to
http://novus-ordo.ws
maxcom3@hotmail.com
Roy Butler: 512-234-5273
Who is Roy Butler?
Until 2005, I painted in the colonial town of San Miguel de Allende, located
in the mountains of central
an artist. I now reside in
Affiliate Marketing since 2001.
I was born in
during the Korean War. After leaving the service I joined Pan AM. I retired
in 1990 as the managing director of flight training and B747 Capt,. I then
started my 2nd career as a research scientist at
retiring and moving to San Miguel in 2000.
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